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| Cacabey Astronomy Medresse |
The Cacabey Astronomy
Medresse, which is located in the center of Kirsehir, was built in
1272-1273 by Kirsehir Governor Nureddin Cibril Bin Cacabey during the
period of Anatolia Seljuk Sultan Kılıç Arslan's son, II.Giyaseddin
Keyhusrev. The building was used as observatory during that time.
On the medresse the
first striking things are the columns which were found in the outer
corners. Totally three units of columns's are believed to firing and
launching situations of rockets. One of the best
examples of Anatolian Seljuk decorative arts and as if functioning
the soul of master, giving the secret, double-colored crown gate is
another striking element of the structure. Some figures on the work
of crown door have been a discussion topic of today. Especially in
the entrance of the crown gate the spheres which are hang down from
columns headers are thought to symbolize the moon and the sun,
besides comments on ''the circular shapes which are located on the
right and the left lower corner of the pediment shows the equatorial
line the skew of the axis'' has taken its debates to zenith. Also the
verses take part from the Quran on the crown gate and it is not
overlooked that window decorations in the tomb are processed by
master hand with a great care.
Observation Tower at a
height of 21 m was build to the southwest facade of the structure and
separately from the construction 22 cm. At the top of the
brick-bonded observation tower zigzag decorations take part, the flat
decorative on the bottom is occurred. Because of the color of
turquoise tiles placed between the flat decorative, to medresse that
that is used as a mosque today, it is also called ''the tiled
mosque'' among people. In indoor, in the middle of the courtyard the
observation wells which provides sky science surveys and light
lantern is located just above it. Moreover, there have been 8
students rooms for education.
At the same time, the
columns which are located in the corner of the structure was formed
by overlapping of the cone and sphere, the idea is widespread that
they symbolizes planets in the solar system.
Furthermore, Cacabey
Astronomy Medresse which is standing with all the magnificence and
mystery today and entrusted to us as a sacred heritage from our
ancestors, the work was started for the receipt of World Astronomy
Heritage List. The Medresse in which there is the mausoleum of
Cacabey who left such a great work for Kirsehir and providing such
value to science, has been focus of interest for many visitors today.
CACABEY ASTRONOMY MEDRESSE
According to the inscription over the crown gate; the Cacabey Astronomy Medresse, which is located in the center of Kırşehir, was built in H. 671 / C.1272-1273 by Kırşehir Governor Nureddin Cibril Bin Cacabey during the period of Anatolia Seljuk Sultan Kılıç Arslan’s son, II. Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev. The building was used as observatory during that time. There is a crown gate on the north facade of medresse, which is used as the entrance and reflects the special features of the Seljuk’s period. On the northeast of the building there is the dome of Cacabey that is constructed adjacent to the medresse and on the southwest of the building there is a minaret. The characteristics of Cacabey Astronomy Medresse are columns on the facades and corners. There are total three columns which show ignition and launch states of a rocket. During the XIII. century the used rocket designs in this building are important indicators of the harmony between the function and architecture. The medresse was completely made of stone and rubble stones and the minaret was made of glazed brick. The decoration of the Crown Gate for which two colourful stones were used has an important place in the Anatolian Seljuk's Decoration Art. There are two circular shapes representing the sun and moon on the Crown Gate and on the right and left side. “Besmele” and a part of (from Koran) Nahl sura’s 90. verse is written on a one-line inscription on the top of the entrance arch. Under this there is another inscription on which 18. and 19. verses of (from Koran) Âl-i İmran sura are written. Another inscription, which is placed between this writing band and the gate arch as two lines and a text is added to the right side corner of it, is an order call telling about abolishing some taxes. The niches at the both side of the entrance have an entirety with the portal. Cacabey Astronomy Medresse, which is in the group of closed courtyard medresse among Anatolia Seljuk’s Period Medresses, is composed of two rectangular shaped liwans whose shapes are close to a square. From the portal on the north; there is an entrance to the entry liwan and then to the courtyard. There is a well in the middle of the courtyard and there is a light lantern on it. It is thought that this well was built as an observation well to observe the stars. The main liwan is situated in the south of the courtyard. There are two columns on the right and left side of the main liwan. And these columns are shaped by putting the cone and globe over and over. There aren't any samples of this column preparation in the Anatolian– Turk Art. Besides; there are eight student rooms on the sides that were built for education purpose. From the liwan on the east of the courtyard; you can reach to the Nureddin Cibril bin Cacabey’s dome with seven stairs. From the right of the entry courtyard; you can go to the upper floor rooms, which are only placed behind the north facade. The square residence with a dome on the left side of the entry facade of the medresse is the dome of the Cacabey, founder of the building. It is covered by conical hat from the outside and covered by a dome from the inside, which is connected with Seljuk’s dome traditions. The entry door of the tomb is decorated with twisted branch and palm leave motives. The tomb is formed by two floors and the ground floor is the part where the real grave room is placed. An inscription band is rounding the wall inside the tomb that was written on a white ground with turquoise and dark blue colored ceramic. There are two windows on the north and east side of tomb. The window on the north side is designed as mihrab. It was written as “the world is a station and everything is mortal” on the two lined inscription under the muqarnas niche. The trunk of the 21 m height minaret, which was made of glazed brick, was decorated by turquoise colored ceramics. There is a plain decoration below the minaret and zig-zaged decoration over it. There is a pray for the builder in the inscription on the minaret. Here it was written that; “the blessing of God is asked for the founder of the building and it is believed that this wish will be accepted even before the sound reaches to the celestial”. It is thought that the minaret was used as an observation tower. It is estimated that the medresse was ruined in the XIX. Century. Indeed A.D. Mordtmann, who passed through Kırşehir in 1958, has written that the building was used as munition store that time. Later a part of the ruined building was built as a mosque and this information was written in 1325 (1907) Ankara province year book. The Medresse is still used as a mosque. Medresse, which was restorated in 2006, is used as a mosque nowadays.
THE INSCRIPTION OVER THE CROWN GATE; WRITTEN WITH SELJUK STYLE AS TWO LINES:
“In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. This blessed medresse was ordered in 671 by Cebrail bin Caca to come closer to God and to get his compliance who need God’s mercy and grace during the period of great Sultan, noble shah, the protector of community, the master of the Arab and Persian Sultans, the Sultan of the lands and seas, helper of Islam and Muslims, the master of Sultans and Meliks, the father of conquests Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev bin Kılıç Arslan ( Hope that Allah renders his Country never-ending)”
THE INSCRIPTION OVER THE ENTRY ARCH
“In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
Allah commands justice, the doing of good, and liberality to kith and kin, and He forbids all shameful deeds, and injustice and rebellion: He instructs you, that you may receive admonition.” (Nahl, 90)
“There is no god but He: that is the witness of Allah His angels, and those endued with knowledge, standing firm on justice. There is no god but He, the Exalted in Power, The Wise.” (Ali İmran, 18)
“The Religion before Allah is Islam (submission to His Will): Nor did the People of the Book dissent therefrom expect through envy of each other, after knowledge had come to them. But if any deny the Signs of Allah, Allah is swift in calling to account.” (Ali İmran, 19)
“Say: O Allah. Lord of Power (And Rule), Thou givest power to whom Thou pleasest, and Thou strippest off power from whom Thou pleasest: Thou enduest with honour whom Thou pleasest, and Thou bringest low whom Thou pleasest: In Thy hand is all good. Verily, over all things Thou hast power.” (Ali İmran, 26)
INSCRIPTION OF ILHAN ON THE ENTRY ARCH
The Governor whom we wish God to bea ruler forever ordered to remove the Sahne tax, Tabkur tax, even the soap tax and the Guse tax. We all pray for our ruler because of his removing these taxes. God makes the one who brings these taxes again meet disaster. Besides, such taxes as the cancellation special to the ones plantig the linen have been removed.
THE INSCRIPTION ON THE NORTH OUTER FAÇADE OF THE TOMB
“O my people! This life of the present is nothing but (temporary) convenience: It is the Hereafter that is the Home that will last.” (Mü'min, 39)
“All that is on earth will perish.” (Rahman, 26)
“But will abide (for ever) the Face of the Lord, - full of Majesty, Bounty and Honour.” (Rahman, 27)
THE INSCRIPTION OVER THE MIHRAB
“In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
Further he said: “ O my sons! enter not all by one gate: enter ye by different gates. Not that I can profit you aught against Allah (with my advice): None can command except Allah. On Him do I put my trust: and let all that trust put tehir trust on Him.”
THE WRITING INSIDE THE TOMB
“(Lit is such a Light) in houses, which Allah had permitted to be raised to honour; for the celebration, in them, of His name: In them is He glorified in the mornings and in the evenings, (again and again),” (Nur, 36)
“By men whom neither traffic nor merchandise can divert from the Remembrance of Allah, nor from regular Prayer, nor from the practice of regular Charity: Their (only) fear is for the Day when hearts and eyes will be transformed (in a world wholly new),”(Nur, 37)
“That Allah may reward them according to the best of their deeds, and add even more for them out of His Grace: for Allah doth provide for those whom He will, without measure.” (Nur, 38)
“O my people! This life of the present is nothing but (temporary) convenience: It is the Hereafter that is the Home that will last.” (Mü'min, 39)
“There is no god but He, -the Living, the Self-subsisting, Eternal. No slumber can seize Him nor sleep. His are all things in the heavens and on earth. Who is there can intercede in His presence expect as He permitted? He knowed what (appeareth to His creatures as) before or after or behind them. Nor shall they compass aught of His knowledge expect as He willeth. His Throne doth extend over the heavens and the earth, and He feeleth no fatigue in guarding and preserving them for He is the Most High, the Supreme (in glory).” (Bakara, 255)
CACABEY ASTRONOMY MEDRESSE
According to the inscription over the crown gate; the Cacabey Astronomy Medresse, which is located in the center of Kırşehir, was built in H. 671 / C.1272-1273 by Kırşehir Governor Nureddin Cibril Bin Cacabey during the period of Anatolia Seljuk Sultan Kılıç Arslan’s son, II. Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev. The building was used as observatory during that time. There is a crown gate on the north facade of medresse, which is used as the entrance and reflects the special features of the Seljuk’s period. On the northeast of the building there is the dome of Cacabey that is constructed adjacent to the medresse and on the southwest of the building there is a minaret. The characteristics of Cacabey Astronomy Medresse are columns on the facades and corners. There are total three columns which show ignition and launch states of a rocket. During the XIII. century the used rocket designs in this building are important indicators of the harmony between the function and architecture. The medresse was completely made of stone and rubble stones and the minaret was made of glazed brick. The decoration of the Crown Gate for which two colourful stones were used has an important place in the Anatolian Seljuk's Decoration Art. There are two circular shapes representing the sun and moon on the Crown Gate and on the right and left side. “Besmele” and a part of (from Koran) Nahl sura’s 90. verse is written on a one-line inscription on the top of the entrance arch. Under this there is another inscription on which 18. and 19. verses of (from Koran) Âl-i İmran sura are written. Another inscription, which is placed between this writing band and the gate arch as two lines and a text is added to the right side corner of it, is an order call telling about abolishing some taxes. The niches at the both side of the entrance have an entirety with the portal. Cacabey Astronomy Medresse, which is in the group of closed courtyard medresse among Anatolia Seljuk’s Period Medresses, is composed of two rectangular shaped liwans whose shapes are close to a square. From the portal on the north; there is an entrance to the entry liwan and then to the courtyard. There is a well in the middle of the courtyard and there is a light lantern on it. It is thought that this well was built as an observation well to observe the stars. The main liwan is situated in the south of the courtyard. There are two columns on the right and left side of the main liwan. And these columns are shaped by putting the cone and globe over and over. There aren't any samples of this column preparation in the Anatolian– Turk Art. Besides; there are eight student rooms on the sides that were built for education purpose. From the liwan on the east of the courtyard; you can reach to the Nureddin Cibril bin Cacabey’s dome with seven stairs. From the right of the entry courtyard; you can go to the upper floor rooms, which are only placed behind the north facade. The square residence with a dome on the left side of the entry facade of the medresse is the dome of the Cacabey, founder of the building. It is covered by conical hat from the outside and covered by a dome from the inside, which is connected with Seljuk’s dome traditions. The entry door of the tomb is decorated with twisted branch and palm leave motives. The tomb is formed by two floors and the ground floor is the part where the real grave room is placed. An inscription band is rounding the wall inside the tomb that was written on a white ground with turquoise and dark blue colored ceramic. There are two windows on the north and east side of tomb. The window on the north side is designed as mihrab. It was written as “the world is a station and everything is mortal” on the two lined inscription under the muqarnas niche. The trunk of the 21 m height minaret, which was made of glazed brick, was decorated by turquoise colored ceramics. There is a plain decoration below the minaret and zig-zaged decoration over it. There is a pray for the builder in the inscription on the minaret. Here it was written that; “the blessing of God is asked for the founder of the building and it is believed that this wish will be accepted even before the sound reaches to the celestial”. It is thought that the minaret was used as an observation tower. It is estimated that the medresse was ruined in the XIX. Century. Indeed A.D. Mordtmann, who passed through Kırşehir in 1958, has written that the building was used as munition store that time. Later a part of the ruined building was built as a mosque and this information was written in 1325 (1907) Ankara province year book. The Medresse is still used as a mosque. Medresse, which was restorated in 2006, is used as a mosque nowadays.
THE INSCRIPTION OVER THE CROWN GATE; WRITTEN WITH SELJUK STYLE AS TWO LINES:
“In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful. This blessed medresse was ordered in 671 by Cebrail bin Caca to come closer to God and to get his compliance who need God’s mercy and grace during the period of great Sultan, noble shah, the protector of community, the master of the Arab and Persian Sultans, the Sultan of the lands and seas, helper of Islam and Muslims, the master of Sultans and Meliks, the father of conquests Gıyaseddin Keyhüsrev bin Kılıç Arslan ( Hope that Allah renders his Country never-ending)”
THE INSCRIPTION OVER THE ENTRY ARCH
“In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
Allah commands justice, the doing of good, and liberality to kith and kin, and He forbids all shameful deeds, and injustice and rebellion: He instructs you, that you may receive admonition.” (Nahl, 90)
“There is no god but He: that is the witness of Allah His angels, and those endued with knowledge, standing firm on justice. There is no god but He, the Exalted in Power, The Wise.” (Ali İmran, 18)
“The Religion before Allah is Islam (submission to His Will): Nor did the People of the Book dissent therefrom expect through envy of each other, after knowledge had come to them. But if any deny the Signs of Allah, Allah is swift in calling to account.” (Ali İmran, 19)
“Say: O Allah. Lord of Power (And Rule), Thou givest power to whom Thou pleasest, and Thou strippest off power from whom Thou pleasest: Thou enduest with honour whom Thou pleasest, and Thou bringest low whom Thou pleasest: In Thy hand is all good. Verily, over all things Thou hast power.” (Ali İmran, 26)
INSCRIPTION OF ILHAN ON THE ENTRY ARCH
The Governor whom we wish God to bea ruler forever ordered to remove the Sahne tax, Tabkur tax, even the soap tax and the Guse tax. We all pray for our ruler because of his removing these taxes. God makes the one who brings these taxes again meet disaster. Besides, such taxes as the cancellation special to the ones plantig the linen have been removed.
THE INSCRIPTION ON THE NORTH OUTER FAÇADE OF THE TOMB
“O my people! This life of the present is nothing but (temporary) convenience: It is the Hereafter that is the Home that will last.” (Mü'min, 39)
“All that is on earth will perish.” (Rahman, 26)
“But will abide (for ever) the Face of the Lord, - full of Majesty, Bounty and Honour.” (Rahman, 27)
THE INSCRIPTION OVER THE MIHRAB
“In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
Further he said: “ O my sons! enter not all by one gate: enter ye by different gates. Not that I can profit you aught against Allah (with my advice): None can command except Allah. On Him do I put my trust: and let all that trust put tehir trust on Him.”
THE WRITING INSIDE THE TOMB
“(Lit is such a Light) in houses, which Allah had permitted to be raised to honour; for the celebration, in them, of His name: In them is He glorified in the mornings and in the evenings, (again and again),” (Nur, 36)
“By men whom neither traffic nor merchandise can divert from the Remembrance of Allah, nor from regular Prayer, nor from the practice of regular Charity: Their (only) fear is for the Day when hearts and eyes will be transformed (in a world wholly new),”(Nur, 37)
“That Allah may reward them according to the best of their deeds, and add even more for them out of His Grace: for Allah doth provide for those whom He will, without measure.” (Nur, 38)
“O my people! This life of the present is nothing but (temporary) convenience: It is the Hereafter that is the Home that will last.” (Mü'min, 39)
“There is no god but He, -the Living, the Self-subsisting, Eternal. No slumber can seize Him nor sleep. His are all things in the heavens and on earth. Who is there can intercede in His presence expect as He permitted? He knowed what (appeareth to His creatures as) before or after or behind them. Nor shall they compass aught of His knowledge expect as He willeth. His Throne doth extend over the heavens and the earth, and He feeleth no fatigue in guarding and preserving them for He is the Most High, the Supreme (in glory).” (Bakara, 255)
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